American holiday
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- Columbus Day - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11)
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Article History
- Key People:
- Peter Rodino
- Related Topics:
- United States
- holiday
- October
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Top Questions
What is Columbus Day?
What is Columbus Day?
Columbus Day is a holiday in the United States that commemorates the landing of Christopher Columbus on October 12, 1492, in the New World. Columbus was a native of Genoa, Italy, and over the years Italian Americans took up the cause of honouring his achievement. In 1937 it became a national holiday by proclamation of U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt. Columbus Day is celebrated on the second Monday of October.
What is Indigenous Peoples’ Day?
What is Indigenous Peoples’ Day?
Indigenous Peoples’ Day is a holiday in the United States that honours the Native populations of America, most of whom were violently uprooted and exploited beginning with the arrival of Christopher Columbus in 1492. Depending on the state government, local government, or institution, Indigenous Peoples’ Day is celebrated in place of Columbus Day or alongside it on the second Monday in October.
Columbus Day, in the United States, holiday (originally October 12; since 1971 the second Monday in October) to commemorate the landing of Christopher Columbus on October 12, 1492, in the New World.
Although his explorations were financed by King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella of Spain, Columbus was a native of Genoa, Italy, and over the years Italian Americans took up the cause of honouring his achievement. The 300th anniversary of his landing was celebrated in New York City in 1792 by the Society of St. Tammany, or Columbian Order, and the 400th anniversary, in 1892, by presidential proclamation nationwide. During the latter half of the 19th century, the day began to be celebrated in cities with large numbers of Italian Americans, and in 1937 it became a national holiday by presidential proclamation. The day came to be marked by parades, often including floats depicting the ships of Columbus, and by public ceremonies and festivities. By the quincentennial in 1992, the holiday was an occasion for discussing the European conquest of American Indians, and some people objected to celebrating the event and proposed alternatives, among them Indigenous Peoples’ Day.
The landing of Columbus also came to be commemorated in Spain and Italy. In many of the Spanish-speaking countries of the Americas, the landing is observed as Día de la Raza (“Day of the Race” or “Day of the People”). Rather than celebrating Columbus’s arrival in the New World, many observers of Día de la Raza celebrate the indigenous peoples of Latin America and the culture that developed over the centuries as their heritage melded with that of the Spanish explorers who followed Columbus. In some countries religious ceremonies are an important part of the observances.
The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica This article was most recently revised and updated by Michael Ray.